When it comes to fertility, there are many factors to consider, and one important aspect that often gets overlooked is the impact of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
In this article, the team at IVI look at Human papillomavirus (HPV) and the effect it has on your ability to conceive, offering insights into prevention and treatment options to help protect your fertility for the future.
What is HPV?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) that affects a significant portion of the population, with about 14% of people being infected and an even higher prevalence (29%) among young women aged 18 to 25. HPV can affect both men and women and, particularly when it coexists with other infections like chlamydia, can have implications for fertility.
HPV and Its Impact on Women’s Fertility
HPV includes more than 150 genotypes, with certain strains (notably types 16 and 18) responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases. While HPV infections are often temporary and resolve on their own, they can remain dormant for years and later present more serious health issues.
Regarding fertility, HPV itself does not directly cause infertility. However, complications can arise, especially when it coexists with chlamydia, increasing the risk of sterility and miscarriage. Surgical treatments for HPV-related conditions, such as the removal of part or all of the cervix or the uterus, can make embryo implantation more challenging. In severe cases, this can contribute to tubal infertility by blocking the fallopian tubes, preventing fertilization.
HPV and Pregnancy
Pregnant women with HPV can, though rarely, transmit the virus to their newborn during vaginal delivery. This can result in respiratory infections like oropharyngeal papillomatosis in the child, though such occurrences are infrequent.
HPV and Male Fertility
For men, recent studies indicate that 31% of sexually active men carry HPV, with 21% having high-risk types. HPV can affect male fertility by causing low sperm motility and quality issues, including DNA fragmentation, thereby decreasing the chances of successful conception. When both partners are affected by HPV, the likelihood of fertility issues increases.
Prevention and Management
HPV is transmitted through various forms of sexual contact, including oral, vaginal, and anal sex. While condom use can reduce the risk, it does not entirely prevent transmission. The most effective preventive measure is vaccination against HPV for both men and women. Women benefit from early detection through screening programs like Pap smears and HPV genotyping, which help identify and manage infections before they lead to more severe complications.
For those facing fertility challenges due to HPV, seeking specialized medical assistance is advisable. Clinics like IVI offer support and treatments for couples struggling with HPV-related infertility issues.
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